On the other hand, operant conditioning, on the behalf of B.F. Skinner is the better learning methods for humans. Skinner believed that humans are similar to animals and that they lack consciousness, making their actions controllable through reinforcements and punishments. Reinforcements are things that increase the likelihood of a behavior. These two types are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement consists of adding something that the child likes in order to reward a behavior. Negative reinforcement is taking away something that they do not like in hopes that the behavior that caused the removal will continue. There are also two types of punishment, Punishment 1 and Punishment 2. Punishment one adds the event of an unfavorable event while punishment two removes this favorable event. For example, a child may have to write "I will clean my room everyday" after being continuously asked to clean his/her room multiple times. In punishment two, a child may have to suffer from the removal of their favorite activity in order to weaken a certain behavior.
The are also two schedules of reinforcement, continuous and intermittent schedules. In continuous reinforcement a behavior is reinforced every time it takes place. This type of reinforcement is beneficial when you are trying to encourage a learner while learning a new behavior because the behavior is likely to change. During intermittent reinforcement, a behavior is only periodically reinforced. This reinforcement is used for previously learned behaviors.
The social learning theory consists of two main theorists, Julian Rotter and Albert Bandura. Rotter's theory was heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud and Alfred Alder. However, Rotter believed something different than them, she believed that an individuals personality come from their situated environment. Which means that they things they experience impacts their life which has an influence on their behavior. Rotter's theory consists of four elements: behavioral potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, and the psychological situation. Rotter also developed the "locus of control", which refers to the ability that an individual believes that they have control over something that takes place around them. There are two types of locus of control: external and internal.
Bandura was created with with developing the social cognitive theory. It's concepts included modeling, observational learning, self-efficacy, vicarious learning, and learning contracts. Modeling is the idea of adding to and subtracting from observed behavior. Modeling also has four components of its own, attention, retention , reproduction, and motivation. Observational learning is when behavior changes from observing a model. Vicarious learning is the idea of learning from observing the actions and consequences others receive. Self-efficacy is defined as “people’s judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required for attaining designated types of performances” (Bandura, 1986, p. 391). These self-efficacy beliefs come from four different sources: mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and psychological states. Bandura's creation of a learning contract is an agreement between a student and teacher that ensures a child will follow particular rules to refrain from getting into more trouble.
Learned helplessness develops when an individual can not cope with the negative things that have happened throughout their life, allowing the situation to control them. When the situation becomes a negative aspect in their life they suffer a low-efficacy and and external locus of control.
When I was younger, my siblings and I very seldom received punishments. Our great grandmother says the best way for a child to learn is to punish them. However, that is not the case for all individuals. My family believed more in physical punishment rather than removing the more favorable things. Physical punishment wasn't a beating or anything; we were spanked but it was dependent on the action. I was never off into video games and I did not have a cell phone at a young age, so my only choice was physical punishment. On the other hand, my older brother had to deal with things like having to sit out his upcoming football or basketball game because my mother knew that it is what he loved most.We were not always punished growing up for every little thing we did because my mother believed in “three strikes.” This meant that we had two chances to get ourselves together after she had already attempted to talk to us about it. The third time, you received punishment.
This connection is meaningful to me because I can relate this to actions taken in my classroom and to my children, when I have them. I will choose things like punishment one and two to discipline my kids. I feele that punishments one and two are more beneficial punishments. However, in my classroom I probably won’t use punishments one and two because I feel that those are more for parents and not for instructor’s use. I will use things like separating my students from their friends if they get too nosey and I have to ask them to quiet down numerous times.
The social learning theory consists of two main theorists, Julian Rotter and Albert Bandura. Rotter's theory was heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud and Alfred Alder. However, Rotter believed something different than them, she believed that an individuals personality come from their situated environment. Which means that they things they experience impacts their life which has an influence on their behavior. Rotter's theory consists of four elements: behavioral potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, and the psychological situation. Rotter also developed the "locus of control", which refers to the ability that an individual believes that they have control over something that takes place around them. There are two types of locus of control: external and internal.
Bandura was created with with developing the social cognitive theory. It's concepts included modeling, observational learning, self-efficacy, vicarious learning, and learning contracts. Modeling is the idea of adding to and subtracting from observed behavior. Modeling also has four components of its own, attention, retention , reproduction, and motivation. Observational learning is when behavior changes from observing a model. Vicarious learning is the idea of learning from observing the actions and consequences others receive. Self-efficacy is defined as “people’s judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required for attaining designated types of performances” (Bandura, 1986, p. 391). These self-efficacy beliefs come from four different sources: mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and psychological states. Bandura's creation of a learning contract is an agreement between a student and teacher that ensures a child will follow particular rules to refrain from getting into more trouble.
Learned helplessness develops when an individual can not cope with the negative things that have happened throughout their life, allowing the situation to control them. When the situation becomes a negative aspect in their life they suffer a low-efficacy and and external locus of control.
When I was younger, my siblings and I very seldom received punishments. Our great grandmother says the best way for a child to learn is to punish them. However, that is not the case for all individuals. My family believed more in physical punishment rather than removing the more favorable things. Physical punishment wasn't a beating or anything; we were spanked but it was dependent on the action. I was never off into video games and I did not have a cell phone at a young age, so my only choice was physical punishment. On the other hand, my older brother had to deal with things like having to sit out his upcoming football or basketball game because my mother knew that it is what he loved most.We were not always punished growing up for every little thing we did because my mother believed in “three strikes.” This meant that we had two chances to get ourselves together after she had already attempted to talk to us about it. The third time, you received punishment.
This connection is meaningful to me because I can relate this to actions taken in my classroom and to my children, when I have them. I will choose things like punishment one and two to discipline my kids. I feele that punishments one and two are more beneficial punishments. However, in my classroom I probably won’t use punishments one and two because I feel that those are more for parents and not for instructor’s use. I will use things like separating my students from their friends if they get too nosey and I have to ask them to quiet down numerous times.
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